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---- Newly emerged republics ---- Allied Intervention ---- Pro-German armies ---- ---- ''Various anti-soviet factions also fought among each other.'' |commander1= Vladimir Lenin Leon Trotsky Sergey Kamenev Joseph Stalin Kliment Voroshilov Mikhail Tukhachevsky Jukums Vācietis Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich Mikhail Frunze ---- Nestor Makhno |commander2= Alexander Kolchak Lavr Kornilov Anton Denikin Pyotr Wrangel Mikhail Alekseyev Nikolai Yudenich Evgeny Miller |strength1 = 3,000,000〔 ---- 103,000 Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine |strength2 = 2,400,000 White Russians |casualties1 = 1,212,824 casualties (records incomplete)〔G.F. Krivosheev, ''Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century'', pp. 7–38.〕 |casualties2 = At least 1,500,000 |notes = }} The Russian Civil War ((ロシア語:Гражданская война́ в Росси́и) ''Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiy'') (November 1917-October 1922)〔 was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies.〔(Russian Civil War ) Encyclopaedia Britannica Online 2012〕 The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. Armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000-12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the break-up of the Russian Empire and fought in the war.〔 Several parts of the former Russian Empire--Armenia, Azerbaijan, Finland, Georgia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine—were established as sovereign states, with their own civil wars and wars of independence. Some of them re-established their independence, previously lost to Russia. The rest of the former Russian Empire was consolidated into the Soviet Union shortly afterwards. ==Background== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian Civil War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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